Reversing

quando l'uscita è 0 il condensatore si scarica attraverso la resistenza, l'input diventa 0 e l'Inverter genera 1 sull' uscita, e l'1 va a caricare il condensatore attraverso la resistenza che quindi porta a 1 l'ingresso e si ripete l'oscillazione;

if a binary “1,” represented by 9 volts, is applied to the input, then a “0” (0 volts) is sent to the output. Th at 0 fl ows through the resistor back to the input. When the 0 appears at the input the output goes to 1, which fl ows back to the input and the whole process begins again, causing the circuit to fl ip back and forth between two states, generating a square wave. Th e speed of the fl ip-fl opping (the pitch we hear) depends on the values of the resistor and capacitor—just like in our earlier clock experiments, the smaller the values the higher the pitch. It’s like the Monty Python argument sketch, or a dispute in a bar: I disagree with everything you say, so our output keeps fl ipping between yes and no according to how fast each of us can reply. Th e resistor and capacitor act like booze—the more you add the slower the argument goes, ergo the lower the pitch. Having brushed you off earlier, I will now confi de that the Schmitt Trigger part of the Inverter prevents indecisiveness in the argument: the inverter snaps completely from one state to the other, from 0 to 1 and back, and never vacillates in between.